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1 three-field system of farming
English-Spanish dictionary of Geography > three-field system of farming
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2 three-field system of farming
English-French dictionary of Geography > three-field system of farming
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3 three-field system of farming
English-German geography dictionary > three-field system of farming
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4 dreifeldisches Landwirtschaftssystem
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Geographie > dreifeldisches Landwirtschaftssystem
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5 rotación trienal
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6 assolement triennal
Dictionnaire français-anglais de géographie > assolement triennal
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7 трехпольная система земледелия
Русско-английский географический словарь > трехпольная система земледелия
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8 хозяйство
ср.
1) только ед. economy заниматься( домашним) хозяйством ≈ to keep house, to look after the house, to be occupied with one's household обзавестись( домашним) хозяйством ≈ to acquire household effects быть занятым по хозяйству ≈ to be busy about the house обучать ведению хозяйства ≈ domesticate плановое хозяйство ≈ planned economy мировое хозяйство ≈ world economy народное хозяйство ≈ national economy сельское хозяйство ≈ agriculture, farming;
rural economy трехпольное хозяйство ≈ three-field system of agriculture экстенсивное хозяйство ≈ extensive agriculture лесное хозяйство ≈ forestry рыбное хозяйство ≈ fish industry зерновое хозяйство ≈ grain growing транспортное хозяйство ≈ transportation management городское хозяйство ≈ municipal/city economy/services домашнее хозяйство ≈ housekeeping жилищно-коммунальное хозяйство ≈ housing and communal services мн. коммунальное хозяйство ≈ municipal economy многоотраслевое хозяйство ≈ varied/diversified economy натуральное хозяйство ≈ natural economy товарное хозяйство ≈ commodity economy энергетическое хозяйство ≈ power economy восстанавливать хозяйство ≈ to restore the economy молочное сельское хозяйство ≈ dairy farming
2) с.-х. farm животноводческое хозяйство ≈ live farming огородное хозяйство ≈ truck farming кооперативное хозяйство ≈ cooperative farming крупное хозяйство ≈ large-scale farm коллективное хозяйство ≈ collective farm единоличное хозяйство ≈ individual farm молочное хозяйство ≈ dairyingхозяйств|о - с.
1. эк. (способ производства) economy;
простое товарное ~ simple commodity economy;
2. (производство, экономика) economy;
3. (отрасль производства) branch of production;
(производственная единица) production unit;
лесное ~ forestry;
4. (оборудование, инвентарь) equipment, property;
~ цеха equipment of a shop;
~ фермы property of a farm;
5. (сельскохозяйственная производственная единица) farm;
ведение фермерского ~ farming;
личное подсобное ~ private garden plot;
6. (круг обязанностей по дому) household duties pl., housekeeping;
7. (предметы, продукты, необходимые в быту) household, housekeeping equipment;
помогать по ~у be* busy about the house.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > хозяйство
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9 хозяйство
ср.1) только ед. economyзаниматься (домашним) хозяйством — to keep house, to look after the house, to be occupied with one's household
городское хозяйство — municipal/city economy/services
многоотраслевое хозяйство — varied/diversified economy
сельское хозяйство — agriculture, farming; rural economy
2) с.-х. farm -
10 Sperry, Elmer Ambrose
[br]b. 21 October 1860 Cincinnatus, Cortland County, New York, USAd. 16 June 1930 Brooklyn, New York, USA[br]American entrepreneur who invented the gyrocompass.[br]Sperry was born into a farming community in Cortland County. He received a rudimentary education at the local school, but an interest in mechanical devices was aroused by the agricultural machinery he saw around him. His attendance at the Normal School in Cortland provided a useful theoretical background to his practical knowledge. He emerged in 1880 with an urge to pursue invention in electrical engineering, then a new and growing branch of technology. Within two years he was able to patent and demonstrate his arc lighting system, complete with its own generator, incorporating new methods of regulating its output. The Sperry Electric Light, Motor and Car Brake Company was set up to make and market the system, but it was difficult to keep pace with electric-lighting developments such as the incandescent lamp and alternating current, and the company ceased in 1887 and was replaced by the Sperry Electric Company, which itself was taken over by the General Electric Company.In the 1890s Sperry made useful inventions in electric mining machinery and then in electric street-or tramcars, with his patent electric brake and control system. The patents for the brake were important enough to be bought by General Electric. From 1894 to 1900 he was manufacturing electric motor cars of his own design, and in 1900 he set up a laboratory in Washington, where he pursued various electrochemical processes.In 1896 he began to work on the practical application of the principle of the gyroscope, where Sperry achieved his most notable inventions, the first of which was the gyrostabilizer for ships. The relatively narrow-hulled steamship rolled badly in heavy seas and in 1904 Ernst Otto Schuck, a German naval engineer, and Louis Brennan in England began experiments to correct this; their work stimulated Sperry to develop his own device. In 1908 he patented the active gyrostabilizer, which acted to correct a ship's roll as soon as it started. Three years later the US Navy agreed to try it on a destroyer, the USS Worden. The successful trials of the following year led to widespread adoption. Meanwhile, in 1910, Sperry set up the Sperry Gyroscope Company to extend the application to commercial shipping.At the same time, Sperry was working to apply the gyroscope principle to the ship's compass. The magnetic compass had worked well in wooden ships, but iron hulls and electrical machinery confused it. The great powers' race to build up their navies instigated an urgent search for a solution. In Germany, Anschütz-Kämpfe (1872–1931) in 1903 tested a form of gyrocompass and was encouraged by the authorities to demonstrate the device on the German flagship, the Deutschland. Its success led Sperry to develop his own version: fortunately for him, the US Navy preferred a home-grown product to a German one and gave Sperry all the backing he needed. A successful trial on a destroyer led to widespread acceptance in the US Navy, and Sperry was soon receiving orders from the British Admiralty and the Russian Navy.In the rapidly developing field of aeronautics, automatic stabilization was becoming an urgent need. In 1912 Sperry began work on a gyrostabilizer for aircraft. Two years later he was able to stage a spectacular demonstration of such a device at an air show near Paris.Sperry continued research, development and promotion in military and aviation technology almost to the last. In 1926 he sold the Sperry Gyroscope Company to enable him to devote more time to invention.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsJohn Fritz Medal 1927. President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1928.BibliographySperry filed over 400 patents, of which two can be singled out: 1908. US patent no. 434,048 (ship gyroscope); 1909. US patent no. 519,533 (ship gyrocompass set).Further ReadingT.P.Hughes, 1971, Elmer Sperry, Inventor and Engineer, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (a full and well-documented biography, with lists of his patents and published writings).LRD
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